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LGBTI Community as a New Minority
Polendová, Markéta ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (referee)
Thesis title LGBTI Community as a New Minority Abstract The thesis focuses on the legal status of LGBTI people, specifically in regards to the possibility of labelling the LGBTI community as a minority in the sense of minority law, which is traditionally associated with national, linguistic, and religious minorities. The work aims to evaluate the potential of the LGBTI community to fulfil the defining characteristics of a minority and subsequently analyses minority rights with regard to the possibility of granting them to LGBTI people. Further, the thesis focuses on the position of the LGBTI minority in EU law. The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part introduces the terms that are built upon in the following chapters. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of the features of the minority definition, i.e. the objective and subjective criterion, aiming to determine the possibile fulfilment of each individual minority characteristics by the LGBTI community. Problematic aspects arising in connection with the specific structure of the LGBTI community, especially its internal diversity and the difficult verification of the differentiating characteristics of individual members, are emphasised. Following the analysis of the minority status of the LGBTI community, the thesis...
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The Differences Between the Hungarian and Roma Minorities' Situation in the Contemporary Romania
Stejskalová, Michaela ; Kocián, Jiří (advisor) ; Tejchman, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the status differences between the Hungarian and Roma minorities after an accession to the EU in 2007. It examines how the approaches of Romanian government and the European Union differ toward the minorities and it characterises major challenges of the minorities in four different aspects - education, employment, housing conditions and political representation. Romani people started getting more attention from the Bucharest government when the country decided to join the European integration process. The EU was monitoring the situation of the Roma community regularly and decided to publish a framework strategy for Roma inclusion in 2011 which served as an example for member countries. Romanian government elaborated its own strategy within a year and updated it in 2014. This document provides a list of instructions to all Romanian institutions how to tackle the problems Romani community faces such as discrimination in hiring process, school segregation, bad housing conditions or poor representation in politics. The Hungarian minority has considerably better position in Romania than Roma people. Compared to other minorities this community is represented by solid number of politicians and Hungarian party UDMR has been part of the Romanian parliament since the election...
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Contemporary Hungarian minority in Slovakia and Slovak in Hungary
Ander, Adam ; Irmanová, Eva (advisor) ; Tejchman, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis presents theoretical approaches to the issue of national minorities and seeks to include two specific cases - Slovakia and Hungary - into this theoretical spectrum. Slovak and Hungarian minorities in Hungary and Slovakia respective are characterized at the same time. Territorial delimitation is obvious, time delimitation is primarily based in the first decade of the new millennium, ending in 2010. Theoretical part of the thesis is divided into two parts - first dealing with national and ethnic minorities (various classifications, terminology and characteristics), second with possible approaches of states to their national minorities (discussed are all conceivable approaches from the least favorable to the friendliest one). The practical part is divided into two main chapters, namely by surveyed countries - Slovakia and Hungary. Both of these chapters deal with national minorities in a given country, with the characteristics of these minorities and their legal status. Analysis of legal statuses of these minorities is based on international treaties, constitutions and laws of both countries. While Slovakia provides its minorities only with individual rights, Hungary introduced quite unusual system of personal cultural and schooling autonomy. The conclusion attempts to find the most...
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Comparison of the position of the current Hungarian minority in Vojvodina and Transylvania
Hanušová, Tereza ; Kocián, Jiří (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the position of the Hungarian minority in Serbian Vojvodina and Romanian Transylvania using the comparative method. Hungarians in Serbia and Romania represent a very large national minority and they became an integral part of the local culture and society. The level of Hungarian minority rights in the host countries is compared in four areas: legislation, political representation and institutionalization of the minority, mother tongue education opportunities and the Hungarian minority media. Apart from a brief outline of the historical context, the work focuses exclusively on the period after the fall of communism in both states to the present. During these years, there has been the biggest shift in the area of minority rights. The concept of ethnic parallelism is applied to all researched areas. Related to this, the so-called ethnolinguistic vitality approach is used, which deals with the conditions for the preservation of minority languages in the majority society. Special attention is paid to the influence of the Hungarian government under Primer Minister Viktor Orbán on the life of Hungarians abroad, which is significantly growing.
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The Differences Between the Hungarian and Roma Minorities' Situation in the Contemporary Romania
Stejskalová, Michaela ; Kocián, Jiří (advisor) ; Tejchman, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the status differences between the Hungarian and Roma minorities after an accession to the EU in 2007. It examines how the approaches of Romanian government and the European Union differ toward the minorities and it characterises major challenges of the minorities in four different aspects - education, employment, housing conditions and political representation. Romani people started getting more attention from the Bucharest government when the country decided to join the European integration process. The EU was monitoring the situation of the Roma community regularly and decided to publish a framework strategy for Roma inclusion in 2011 which served as an example for member countries. Romanian government elaborated its own strategy within a year and updated it in 2014. This document provides a list of instructions to all Romanian institutions how to tackle the problems Romani community faces such as discrimination in hiring process, school segregation, bad housing conditions or poor representation in politics. The Hungarian minority has considerably better position in Romania than Roma people. Compared to other minorities this community is represented by solid number of politicians and Hungarian party UDMR has been part of the Romanian parliament since the election...
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Kurdové na území Turecka a jejich problém rozvoje díky absenci vlastního státu
Mikulenková, Veronika
This bachelor thesis deals with the problem of development of the Kurdish population in Turkey. Using literary research the author summarizes the events from 1923 which led to today's status of the Kurds in Turkey, and different views of the Kurds and Turkey on the Kurdish identity. The main focus is on the political system that has a significant impact on the Kurdish activity and engagement One of the problems of Kurdish involvement in political activity is the Kurdistan Workers' Party, which runs a constant fighting with the Turkish army. The work also describes development of Kurdish political parties and their success to get into the Turkish parliament. For analyses of this development the work examines elections since 2007 where it is concentrated on the main targets, election campaigns of the various political parties and their success in elections.
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Contemporary Hungarian minority in Slovakia and Slovak in Hungary
Ander, Adam ; Irmanová, Eva (advisor) ; Tejchman, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis presents theoretical approaches to the issue of national minorities and seeks to include two specific cases - Slovakia and Hungary - into this theoretical spectrum. Slovak and Hungarian minorities in Hungary and Slovakia respective are characterized at the same time. Territorial delimitation is obvious, time delimitation is primarily based in the first decade of the new millennium, ending in 2010. Theoretical part of the thesis is divided into two parts - first dealing with national and ethnic minorities (various classifications, terminology and characteristics), second with possible approaches of states to their national minorities (discussed are all conceivable approaches from the least favorable to the friendliest one). The practical part is divided into two main chapters, namely by surveyed countries - Slovakia and Hungary. Both of these chapters deal with national minorities in a given country, with the characteristics of these minorities and their legal status. Analysis of legal statuses of these minorities is based on international treaties, constitutions and laws of both countries. While Slovakia provides its minorities only with individual rights, Hungary introduced quite unusual system of personal cultural and schooling autonomy. The conclusion attempts to find the most...
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Contemporary Hungarian minority in Slovakia and Slovak in Hungary
Ander, Adam ; Irmanová, Eva (advisor) ; Tejchman, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis presents theoretical approaches to the issue of national minorities and seeks to include two specific cases - Slovakia and Hungary - into this theoretical spectrum. Slovak and Hungarian minorities in Hungary and Slovakia respective are characterized at the same time. Territorial delimitation is obvious, time delimitation is primarily based in the first decade of the new millennium, ending in 2010. Theoretical part of the thesis is divided into two parts - first dealing with national and ethnic minorities (various classifications, terminology and characteristics), second with possible approaches of states to their national minorities (discussed are all conceivable approaches from the least favorable to the friendliest one). The practical part is divided into two main chapters, namely by surveyed countries - Slovakia and Hungary. Both of these chapters deal with national minorities in a given country, with the characteristics of these minorities and their legal status. Analysis of legal statuses of these minorities is based on international treaties, constitutions and laws of both countries. While Slovakia provides its minorities only with individual rights, Hungary introduced quite unusual system of personal cultural and schooling autonomy. The conclusion attempts to find the most...
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The Kurdish Minority in Turkey: Problems and Perspectives
Netopilová, Eliška ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (referee)
The treatment of minorities by different states gains scholarly attention in the recent years. This thesis attempts to define the necessary criteria for a state to have in order for its treatment of minorities to be acceptable by the international society. There are three major parts of the thesis. It starts with a thorough investigation of legal dimension of minority rights. The thesis formulates the criteria that a state should meet in the field of national and international law regarding minority rights. The second part investigates the political dimension of the issue. The analysis of political dimension describes the interaction of governments with minorities and the factors influencing the success of minorities in achieving their demands. In the final part of the thesis, the criteria formulated in legal and political dimensions are applied to the case of the Kurdish minority in Turkey. The position of Kurdish minority in the society is unique because of the Turkish state's assimilationist policies towards ethnic minorities till very recent years. The minority rights defined by international society were, therefore, not recognized in Turkey. However, the situation has recently changed. The current government ruled by Justice and Development Party has applied numerous democratization reforms that normalize the position of minorities. The Kurdish minority is not discriminated against as much as it was in the past. In addition to the analysis of the current state of minority rights in Turkey, the thesis proposes opportunities for improvement in the future.
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